What is primary vascular dysregulation syndrome?

Abstract. Vascular dysregulation refers to the regulation of blood flow that is not adapted to the needs of the respective tissue. We distinguish primary vascular dysregulation (PVD, formerly called vasospastic syndrome) and secondary vascular dysregulation (SVD).

What are the indication of urography?

Common indications for pediatric MR urography include evaluation of complex renal and urinary tract anatomy, suspected urinary tract obstruction, operative planning, and postoperative assessment.

How common is duplex kidney?

Duplex kidneys are a normal variant, meaning that they occur commonly enough in healthy children to be considered normal. They occur in 1 percent of the population, and most cause no medical problems and will require no treatment.

WHAT IS MR urography?

Magnetic resonance urography (MRU) is a radiation-free exam that uses magnetic waves to create detailed pictures of the kidneys, ureters and bladder. It is a radiation-free way to look at the structure and function of the urinary tract, which is the part of the body that produces and transports urine.

Can PVD lead to glaucoma?

Presence of PVD was not related to higher risk in glaucoma eyes. Eyes with only PVD did not have higher glaucoma risk than control eyes. As a result, no clinical correlation was found between the presence of PVD and glaucoma risk.

Does Low BP cause cold feet?

Hypotension, or low blood pressure, can result from a number of medical conditions. If your blood pressure gets too low, your body directs blood away from your extremities and toward the critical organs in your core. This can leave hands and feet feeling cold.

What are the contraindications of IVU?

Known allergy to iodine is an absolute contraindication. Nausea and vomiting are common side effects that are generally self-limiting. Allergic reactions include urticaria, hypotension and bronchospasm. Contrast medium-induced renal failure is a rare, idiosyncratic reaction.

Why would a urologist order a CT scan?

Your doctor may recommend a CT urogram if you have signs and symptoms — such as pain in your side or back or blood in your urine (hematuria) — that may be related to a urinary tract disorder. A CT urogram may be helpful in diagnosing urinary tract conditions such as: Kidney stones. Bladder stones.

Do you wee more with a duplex kidney?

Diagnosis and symptoms of duplex kidney Symptoms include: Urinary tract infections (UTIs). An obstruction of the urinary tract resulting in poor urine flow. Urinary incontinence is marked by frequent leaking of urine.

What problems can a duplex kidney cause?

The limited duplex kidney (where only the collecting system is double) is usually an incidental finding and rarely causes problems. The more extensive duplication, however, does often cause problems and can typically mean a child is more prone to urine infections.

What is Hydro kidney?

Hydronephrosis occurs when a kidney has an excess of fluid due to a backup of urine, often caused by an obstruction in the upper part of the urinary tract.

What is MIR test?

What Is an MRI? Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that uses powerful magnets, radio waves, and a computer to make detailed pictures of the inside of your body.

Can peripheral vascular disease affect your eyes?

Visual acuity (the medical term for the sharpness of your eyesight) and peripheral vascular disease were linked. The odds for having poor vision were almost double in people who also had peripheral vascular disease, compared to those who did not have it.

Is optic neuropathy the same as glaucoma?

As a medical condition glaucoma is undeniably a collection of progressive optic neuropathy syndromes with distinctive structural changes to the optic nerve head (ONH), specific nerve fiber bundle atrophy patterns, and continual visual field loss over time.

How can I improve the circulation in my feet?

Helpful Tips

1. Get moving. One of the best things you can do to improve circulation is to exercise regularly.
2. Stop smoking. Smoking harms the walls of your arteries and causes plaque.
3. Healthy Diet.
4. Elevate legs.
5. Compression stockings.
6. Manage Blood Pressure.
7. See a Vascular Surgeon.

What are the complications of intravenous pyelography?

As with any medical procedure, intravenous pyelogram does carry a risk of complications, including allergic reactions….In some people, the injection of X-ray dye can cause side effects such as:

• A feeling of warmth or flushing.
• A metallic taste in the mouth.
• Nausea.
• Itching.
• Hives.

What is IVU used for?

Intravenous urography (also known as intravenous pyelography) is an X-ray procedure which is used to assess problems in your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. These structures make up your urinary tract.

Do CT scans shorten your life?

The typical CT radiation dose is 10 to 20 millisieverts (mSv), which is associated with a lifetime risk of fatal cancer of approximately one per 2,000 CT scans.

Can a duplex kidney cause problems in adults?

Duplex kidneys are usually clinically silent, however, when significant will tend to present in children. In rare instances duplex kidneys can appear in adults, leading to diagnostic challenges.

How do you treat a duplex kidney?

Treatments for duplex kidneys

1. Nephrectomy – kidney removal.
2. Heminephrectomy – part of the affected kidney and duplicated ureter are removed.
3. Ureteroureterostomy – in the case of an ectopic ureter, it is split near the bladder and joined to the normal ureter, allowing urine from the upper kidney to drain as normal.

Can drinking too much water cause hydronephrosis?

In the presence of vigorous oral hydration, however, mild or moderate hydronephrosis is a frequent occurrence seen at least once in 80% of our study of healthy volunteers after hydration.

Can you live with hydronephrosis?

Severe cases of urinary blockage and hydronephrosis can damage the kidneys and lead to kidney failure. If kidney failure occurs, treatment will be needed with either dialysis or a kidney transplant. However, most people can recover from hydronephrosis if treated promptly.

What does an abnormal MRI of the brain mean?

In the simplest terms, an abnormal brain MRI means that the scan does not show a healthy brain. The scanned image may show structural damages that may indicate injury but also lesions, inflammation, swelling, and bleeding.