What is IO route?

Intraosseous infusion (IO) is the process of injecting medications, fluids, or blood products directly into the marrow of a bone; this provides a non-collapsible entry point into the systemic venous system.

What is an IO vs IV?

Intraosseous (IO) parenteral access is relatively fast and easy to obtain, whereas intravenous (IV) access can be difficult. IO access is currently recommended as an option for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) when IV access cannot be immediately obtained.

What is faster IV or IO?

Standard dosing of epinephrine is 1mg every 3 to 5 minutes via the intravenous (IV) or intraosseous (IO) route. IO lines are quicker to establish and have a higher first-attempt success rate compared to IV access. Rapid placement and ease of use minimizes delays for critical patients requiring quick access.

Can blood be given through an IO?

Any intravenous fluid, blood products or routine resuscitation drugs can be administered through the IO route. Complications for short term use are relatively rare compared to the advantages for a child who needs rapid administration of blood or fluid.

Why is IO faster than IV?

How do you determine IO placement?

Confirm placement of the IO needle by checking for the stability of needle in bone, aspiration of marrow, ability to flush with saline, and good IV flow rates. The inability to aspirate does not always indicate poor placement. If this occurs, continue with a saline flush and attempt aspiration again.

When would you use an intraosseous route?

It can be used for drug administration, fluid perfusion infusion, and to draw blood samples. The most frequent clinical situations needing IO access in adult patients remain cardiopulmonary resuscitation for epinephrine administration [5], and trauma for the easiness of access [16].

What is the preferred site for an IO?

Manual Intraosseous Needle Insertion The preferred site for manual insertion in adults is the medial aspect of the distal tibia, just proximal to the medial malleolus.

Can all IV drugs be given io?

All medications that can be given via central line can also be given via IO line. Blood can be drawn and sent for lab analysis just as with IV access. Although an IO line only has one lumen, there are multiple possible insertion sites, and multiple IO lines can be placed in the same patient simultaneously.

Can you draw blood from an IO?

IO blood sampling is a procedure for obtaining blood from the bone marrow. An IO line is established to provide fluid and medication when intravenous access is not available or feasible.

How do you know proper placement of IO needle?

How do you know if Io is placed correctly?